packing and packaging

Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use.

Types of PackageLoose or Unpacked : a common option for large items such as heavy vehicles .Making sure they're stowed securely is more important than adding a layer of protective packaging.

Boxes or Crates: one of the most prevalent options.They are often stacked on pallets and shrink - wrapped for stability . Less durability is required if goods are also containerised

Drums: usually made of metal or plastic-commonly used for transporting liquids and powders or goods that need to be kept dry.

Wrapping: often used with goods stacked on pallets, wrapping both adds to stability and protects goods.

Pallets: allow smaller packing units such as boxes and cartons to be group together. They  allow easy mechanical transporting, which eases the process of loading, unloading and warehousing.

Containers and break-bulk: for logistical efficiency, containers are used to transport most export consignments . Containers are standardised metal boxes, often measuring 6 meters long and 2.4 meter deep/ wide. The goods inside might still need packaging, but the containers offers added protection, and increased security from theft.
The term 'break-bulk' refers to goods carried as general cargo, rather than in containers. This increases the risk of damage during transit, so make sure adequate dunnage is used. Dunnage is protective material placed around the goods to prevent damage from movement, moisture or other causes.